Piping systems, or circuits, have two processes: high-pressure feed lines and low-pressure return lines. When installing and maintaining the different lines, pipefitters use different types of clamps best suited for the application. Although it is possible to use one type of clamp for the entire circuit, this is generally not cost-effective. High-pressure lines may need sturdy clamps engineered to resist both heat and vibration. Less-expensive retaining clamps may be sufficient to hold static low-pressure pipes.
Saddle
With top and bottom plates secured with bolts, saddle clamps are engineered to absorb the vibration and heat of high-pressure feed pipes. Saddle clamps generally are available only for pipes up to 5 inches in diameter, but circuits rarely have high-pressure lines larger than that. Saddle clamps may also be used for a return line, depending on the pipe's heat.
Hanger
A pipe hanger is a U-shaped piece of material with a bolt attached for a connection to a structure overhead. The pipe runs through the "U" and is suspended free of both walls and ceilings. Hangers are useful for pipes that carry high-heat media and require space around them. Hangers are not suitable, however, when high-pressure lines vibrate excessively, because that can result in wear at the point where pipe meets hanger. Hangers do not secure a pipe but act as more of a support.
Hangers are used when running insulated pipes for steam, cryogenic and other extreme-temperature processes. The hanger diameter adequately accommodates both the pipe and insulation. The hanger also allows quick access to the line in the event of a leak or damaged insulation.
Gang Clamp
A gang clamp is a length of metal with angled ends that are bolted to a wall, overhead structure or floor. The gang clamp uses a minimum amount of space, securing several pipes next to one another. These clamps are useful in a small area for running several pipes of identical diameter. Gang clamps can resist moderate vibration and high heat.
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